BIOLOGICAL, AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING/TECHNOLOGY
Biological, agricultural Engineering/ technology
Eligibility: maths,
Biology/ botany &zoology in +2
Agricultural Engineering:
Agricultural engineering is the engineering discipline that
studies agricultural production and
processing. Agricultural engineering combines the disciplines of mechanical, civil, electrical and chemical engineering
principles with a knowledge of agricultural principles according to
technological principles. A key goal of this discipline is to improve the
efficacy and sustainability of agricultural practices. One of the leading
organizations in this industry is the American Society of
Agricultural and Biological Engineers.
Agricultural
engineers may engage in any of the following areas:
Horticulture:
Horticulture has been
defined as the culture of plants for food, comfort and beauty. A more precise
definition can be given as "The cultivation, processing, and sale of
fruits, nuts, vegetables, ornamental plants, and flowers as well as many
additional services". It also includes plant
conservation, landscape
restoration, soil management, landscape and garden design.
Horticulturists
apply their knowledge, skills, and technologies used to grow intensively
produced plants for human food and non-food uses and for personal or social
needs. Their work involves plant propagation and cultivation with the aim of
improving plant growth, yields, quality, nutritional value, and resistance to insects,
diseases, and environmental stresses. They work as gardeners, growers,
therapists, designers, and technical advisors in the food and non-food sectors
of horticulture.
Energy & Environmental Engineering:
Energy and environmental engineering is a branch of energy
engineering which seeks
to efficiently use energy and to maintain the environment. Energy engineers
require knowledge across many disciplines. Careers include work in the built
environment, renewable and traditional energy industries. In this area, solar
radiation is important and must be understood. Solar radiation affects the
Earth's weather and daylight available. This affects not only the Earth's
environment but also the smaller internal environments which we create.
Energy engineering
requires an understanding of mechanics, thermodynamics, mathematics, electrical machines, manufacturing
processes and energy
systems.
Environmental
engineering can be branched into two main areas: 1. internal environments and 2.
outdoor environments.
Internal
environments may consist of housing or offices or other commercial properties.
In this area, the environmental engineering sometimes stands for the designing
of building services to condition the internal environment to a comfortable
state or the removal of excess pollutants such as carbon dioxide or other
harmful substances.
External
environments may be water courses, air, land or seas, and may require
new strategies for harnessing energy or the creation of treatment facilities
for polluting technologies. This broad degree area seeks to explore cleaner,
more efficient ways of using fossil fuels, while investigating and developing systems
using renewable and sustainable resources, such as solar, wind and wave energy.
Agricultural Information Technology:
IT
applications are developed to provide better support and education to
agricultural academia and farmers. Governments, NGOs, institutions and private
organizations have started to create agricultural related sites for the Indian
farmers. In order to provide farmer friendly contents for the agricultural
sites there is a huge demand for a graduate with knowledge of agricultural
domain along with profound software professional.
B.
Tech. in AIT, a four-year graduate programme. This institute prepares human
resources in the field of Agriculture Information Technology (AIT) as a tool to
sharpen the edges of the agriculture structure in the country. It takes the duty
to develop and work on the sector and its changing environment.
Poultry Production Technology:
The course equips students to meet the
challenges faced by the food processing industry and poultry. The theoretical
understanding and practical training is provided to increase modernization of
Food Products Processing Plants along with higher level of automation to
perform new operations. It also includes making, modification, usage as well as
knowledge of tools, machines, techniques and systems that are used in poultry
production and apply modern technology to improve the business management and
production.
The course is apt for those having an
interest in various aspects of the poultry production techniques and
manufacturing spinning, weaving, processing and testing.
Bio-Technology:
Biotechnology is the broad area of biology involving living systems
and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological
application that uses biological systems, living organisms, to make or modify
products or processes for specific use.Biotechnology has been used in agriculture, food production, and medicine. It has expanded to include new and diverse sciences such as genomics, recombinant gene techniques, applied immunology, and development of pharmaceutical therapies and diagnostic tests.
Food-Technology:
Food technology is a branch of food science that deals with the production processes that make foods. It involves all aspects of food science, including production, processing and distribution. Professionals work to improve manufacturing methods through preservation, storage and new product development. They work with food scientists to enhance the nutritional value of foods.
Bioinformatics:
Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data. Bioinformatics combines biology, computer science, mathematics and statistics to analyze and interpret biological data. It has been used for in silico analyses of biological queries using mathematical and statistical techniques.
Common uses of bioinformatics include the identification of genes. Often, such identification is made with the aim of better understanding the genetic basis of disease, unique adaptations, desirable properties (esp. in agricultural species), or differences between populations. In a less formal way, bioinformatics also tries to understand the organisational principles within nucleic acid and protein sequences, called proteomics.
Bio- Medical Engineering:
Biomedical Engineering (BME) or Medical Engineering is the application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes (e.g. diagnostic or therapeutic). This field seeks to close the gap between engineering and medicine, combining the design and problem solving skills of engineering with medical biological sciences to advance health care treatment, including diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. Also included under the scope of a biomedical engineer is the management of current medical equipment within hospitals while adhering to relevant industry standards.
Bioprocess Engineering:
Bioprocess Engineering is a specialisation of chemical engineering; it deals with the design and development of equipment and processes for the manufacturing of products such as agriculture, food, feed, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, chemicals and polymers and paper from biological material and treatment of waste water.
Expertise in this field is a combination of knowledge in biotechnology and engineering. Bioprocess engineers develop concept technologies in the bioprocess space – anything that takes into account producing a product from biological material such as yeast, fungi, bacteria, algae, viruses, mammalian cells or any type of biological single cell process.
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